A contractor who was required to hire union painters to paint a highway bridge across a river discovered that rules also required that a small boat patrol beneath the bridge to rescue any painter who fell, although the usual method of dealing with this hazard is to rig a net below the bridge. Union rules dictated that the boat be manned by a union painter. Since the boat had an outboard motor, however, and since rules did not permit a painter to operate an engine, a unionized operating engineer had to be added. The employer, who was obligated to pay skilled wage rates every day to both workers, complained that he was not even offered any of the fish the two "workers" were catching.

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