From a workshop held at the American Bar Association's 1997 convention, a list of ten basic doctrines a lawyer may invoke when reaching a settlement to increase his or her fees, variously referred to as "upward adjustments" and "multipliers":

• Risk
• Undesirability
• Novelty and Difficulty
• Unpopularity
• Complex Issues Dealing with a Difficult Adversary
• Delay
• Preclusion of Employment
• Superior Quality of Work
• Exceptional Results
• Burden of Justifying Fees

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